硅灰加固宁波软土的试验研究     

王泽平  王常明  江南  张在恒 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):111-116,121

为探索硅灰对软土的力学性质的影响,以宁波鄞州地区一种淤泥质黏土为试样,掺入不同量的硅灰,对硅灰加固土的力学性质和结构特征进行了测试。采用三轴不固结不排水剪切试验,测试分析了不同掺入量的硅灰加固土的应力应变关系,通过扫描电镜SEM照片分析了不同硅灰掺入量的硅灰加固土的结构特征。结果表明:(1)硅灰可以提高软土的黏聚力,黏聚力随着硅灰掺入量的增加而增大;(2)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的抗变形能力呈先增加后减小的趋势;(3)同一围压条件下,随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的破坏偏应力逐渐增加;(4)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土中大孔隙逐渐减少,小孔隙逐渐数量增加,孔径<1μm的小孔隙组分逐渐占优。  相似文献   

Constitutive modelling of fine-grained gassy soil: A composite approach     

Zhiwei Gao  Yi Hong  Lizhong Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(9):1350-1368

Fine-grained marine sediments containing large undissolved gas bubbles are widely distributed around the world. Presence of the bubbles could degrade the undrained shear strength (s_u ) of the soil, when the gas pressure u_g is relatively high as compared with the effective stress in the saturated soil matrix. Meanwhile, the addition of bubbles may also increase s_u when the difference between u_g and pore water pressure u_w becomes smaller than the water entry value, causing partial water drainage from the saturated matrix into the bubbles (bubble flooding) during globally undrained shearing. A new constitutive model for describing the two competing effects on the stress-strain relationship of fine-grained gassy soil is proposed within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The gassy soil is considered as a three-phase composite material with compressible cavities, which allows water entry from the saturated matrix. Bubble flooding is modelled by introducing an additional positive volumetric strain increment of the saturated clay matrix, which is dependent on the difference between pore gas and pore water pressure based on experimental observations. A modified hardening law based on that of the modified Cam clay model is employed, which in conjunction with the expression for bubble flooding, can describe both the detrimental and beneficial effects of gas bubbles on soil strength and plastic hardening in shear. Only two extra parameters in addition to those in the modified Cam clay model are used. It is shown that the key features of the stress-strain relationship of three fine-grained gassy soils can be reproduced satisfactorily.  相似文献   

Effect of nano-MgO on mechanical performance of cement stabilized silty clay     

Kai Yao  Dongliang An  Na Li  Chen Zhang  Aizhao Zhou 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):250-255

Abstract

A series of direct shear tests were performed on cement-admixed silty clay to investigate the effect of cement content and nano-magnesia (MgO) on its shear strength properties. For each normal stress, shear strength increased with cement content. However, an obvious increment in shear strength was achieved when the cement content was adjusted from 13% to 17%. Both cohesion and friction angle of cemented soil increased with cement content, and exponential function was adopted to correlate both the factors with cement content. For cement content of 10% investigated in this study, the optimum nano-MgO content was 10‰, wherein the cohesion could reach the peak value. The microstructure of the mixture revealed that the structure of the mixture was compacted for the optimum nano-MgO content. However, micro-cracks were formed when the amount of nano-MgO exceeded its optimum content.  相似文献   

Effect of sand on the vacuum consolidation of dredged slurry     

Jun Wang  Yuanqiang Cai  Xueyu Geng  Fengqi Xu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(2):238-244

Vacuum preloading is often used to improve the geotechnical properties of dredged slurry. Although the performance of this method has improved with rapidly developing technology, soil columns usually formed on the drainage boundary induce the decrease of permeability around the boundary, thereby limiting the further development of this method. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for pretreating the slurry combined with sand prior to vacuum consolidation. This method partially replaces the fine particles with sand to reduce the formation of soil columns. Two groups of vacuum preloading tests were performed to investigate the effect of sand content and sand grain size on the vacuum consolidation of dredged slurry. The test results revealed that for a given sand grain size, increasing the sand content of the sand–slurry mixture increased the pore water drainage and accelerated the dissipation of pore water pressure, thereby increasing the vane shear strength. In contrast, for a constant sand content, the samples containing coarse sand exhibited increased pore water drainage and accelerated dissipation of pore water pressure, thereby increasing the vane shear strength of the soil.  相似文献   

脚靴式海上升压站灌浆连接段强度分析研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王永发  孙震洲  汤群益  陈杰峰 《海洋工程》2020,38(5):107-115

与国内已建成的海上升压站相比，脚靴式海上升压站导管架对桩和套筒间的灌浆连接强度要求更高，完全套用单桩风电结构的分析方法会使结构设计不准确。由于桩和套筒之间设置有剪力键，当特殊情况时还需增加灌浆连接增强钢筋，在地震及撞船作用下容易导致灌浆接触界面分离等破坏，当前尚未有针对此类情况系统的灌浆连接强度校核方法。以某脚靴式海上升压站为例，分析其在在位、撞船、地震、疲劳等多个主控工况下灌浆连接、剪力键及增强钢筋的强度及稳定性，结果表明该海上升压站灌浆连接段满足设计要求，并研究了各参数对灌浆连接段强度的敏感程度，为今后脚靴式海上升压站各主控工况下的灌浆连接段强度分析、优化设计提供参考与借鉴。  相似文献   

冻融循环下花岗岩剪切蠕变试验与模型研究     

张峰瑞  姜谙男  杨秀荣  申发义 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):509-519

为探讨冻融对寒区工程岩石剪切蠕变特性的影响，以吉林省辉白隧道花岗岩为研究对象，对经历不同冻融循环次数的试样开展细观特征分析和剪切蠕变试验。试验结果表明：（1）随着冻融次数的增加，试样裂隙、孔隙不断扩展，岩石表面损伤现象愈发明显；（2）试样主要以中小孔隙为主，孔隙度随着冻融次数的增加呈非线性增长趋势；（3）随着冻融循环次数增加，蠕变变形量和蠕变速率逐渐增大，而蠕变时长、破坏应力和长期强度均呈现明显降低趋势。根据试验结果，进行冻融岩石非定常蠕变参数的表达，提出了冻融岩石损伤黏性元件，构建了花岗岩冻融剪切蠕变本构模型。将蠕变试验曲线和理论模型拟合曲线进行对比，验证了模型的正确性和适用性。通过对蠕变参数进行敏感性分析，研究了其对花岗岩蠕变变形的影响，并给出了蠕变参数随冻融循环次数的变化规律。该研究结果对于寒区岩体工程长期稳定性评价具有指导意义。  相似文献   

A novel coupled FDM-DEM modelling method for flexible membrane boundary in laboratory tests     

Hua-Xiang Zhu  Zhen-Yu Yin  Qiang Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):389-404

Difficulties are involved in discrete element method (DEM) modelling of the flexible boundary, that is, the membranes covering the soil sample, which can be commonly found in contemporary laboratory soil tests. In this paper, a novel method is proposed wherein the finite difference method (FDM) and DEM are coupled to simulate the rubber membrane and soil body, respectively. Numerical plane strain and triaxial tests, served by the flexible membrane, are implemented and analysed later. The effect of the membrane modulus on the measurement accuracy is considered, with analytical formulae derived to judge the significance of this effect. Based on an analysis of stress-strain responses and the grain rotation field, the mechanical performances produced by the flexible and rigid lateral boundaries are compared for the plane strain test. The results show that (1) the effect of the membrane on the test result becomes more significant at larger strain level because the membrane applies additional lateral confining pressure to the soil body; (2) the tested models reproduce typical stress and volumetric paths for specimens with shear bands; (3) for the plane strain test, the rigid lateral boundary derives a much higher peak strength and larger bulk dilatation, but a similar residual strength, compared with the flexible boundary. The latter produces a more uniform (or ‘diffuse') rotation field and more mobilised local kinematics than does the former. All simulations show that the proposed FDM-DEM coupling method is able to simulate laboratory tests with a flexible boundary membrane.  相似文献   

The recognition of former melt flux through high‐strain zones          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine A. Stuart  Sandra Piazolo  Nathan R. Daczko 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(8):1049-1069

High‐strain zones are potential pathways of melt migration through the crust. However, the identification of melt‐present high‐strain deformation is commonly limited to cases where the interpreted volume of melt “frozen” within the high‐strain zone is high (>10%). In this contribution, we examine high‐strain zones in the Pembroke Granulite, an otherwise low‐strain outcrop of volcanic arc lower crust exposed in Fiordland, New Zealand. These high‐strain zones display compositional layering, flaser‐shaped mineral grains, and closely spaced foliation planes indicative of high‐strain deformation. Asymmetric leucosome surrounding peritectic garnet grains suggest deformation was synchronous with minor amounts of in situ partial melting. High‐strain zones lack typical mylonite microstructures and instead display typical equilibrium microstructures, such as straight grain boundaries, 120° triple junctions, and subhedral grain shapes. We identify five key microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt within the high‐strain zones: (a) small dihedral angles of interstitial phases; (b) elongate interstitial grains; (c) small aggregates of quartz grains with xenomorphic plagioclase grains connected in three dimensions; (d) fine‐grained, K‐feldspar bearing, multiphase aggregates with or without augite rims; and (e) mm‐ to cm‐scale felsic dykelets. Preservation of key microstructures indicates that deformation ceased as conditions crossed the solidus, breaking the positive feedback loop between deformation and the presence of melt. We propose that microstructures indicative of the former presence of melt, such as the five identified above, may be used as a tool for recognising rocks formed during melt‐present high‐strain deformation where low (<5%) volumes of leucosome are “frozen” within the high‐strain zone.  相似文献   

2020年7月西北太平洋和南海“空台”环流特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘达  许映龙  向纯怡  陈博宇 《热带气象学报》2022,38(6):765-778

2020年7月西北太平洋和南海出现了史无前例的“空台”事件。利用NCEP再分析数据集、中国气象局(CMA)台风最佳路径等资料研究了此次“空台”现象的大尺度环流背景及动力和热力学特征。使用台风潜在生成指数(DGPI)分析发现2020年7月大尺度环流背景不利于台风生成,环流系统的异常通过影响对流层垂直风切变和垂直运动限制了台风的活动。2020年7月马斯克林高压较常年明显偏西偏弱,导致索马里急流强度减弱,越赤道气流不活跃,菲律宾以东洋面和南海海域盛行一致的偏东气流,历史同期活跃在该区域的季风槽无法建立,从而不利于热带扰动的生成。北半球极涡主体偏向西半球一侧,影响东半球冷空气势力较弱,副热带高压位置偏西;南亚高压较历史同期偏强且偏东,其东侧强盛的偏东气流将洋中槽截断,在西北太平洋区域出现反气旋性环流,该区域下沉气流增强,导致副热带高压强度增强,对流层中层强烈的下沉气流抑制了台风的生成和发展。此外,受中高层环流系统异常的影响,7月菲律宾吕宋岛以东洋面和南海地区环境垂直风切变较常年偏高2~4 m/s,南海部分海域偏高达4~8 m/s,同时该区域内异常偏强的下沉气流导致对流层低层相对湿度偏低,大气层结处于较为稳定的状态,动力和热力条件均不利于热带扰动的进一步发展。   相似文献   

青藏高原东部暴雨的中尺度有效位能收支分析          下载免费PDF全文

Kuo Zhou  Lingkun Ran  Yi Liu  Xiuxia Tian 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(2):53-59

针对2018年7月10-11日青藏高原东部一次暴雨过程,利用模式模拟资料分析了有效位能分布特征,成因及其对降水发展演变的影响.结果表明,有效位能主要分布在对流层低层4km以下和高层8-14km,高层有效位能和降水有更好的对应性西北冷平流和降水粒子下落的蒸发作用是低层有效位能高值中心的主要成因,而降水过程释放潜热带来的热力扰动叠加高原大地形造成的位温扰动是导致高层有效位能高值的主要原因.有效位能收支分析表明,有效位能的通量输送项以及与动能间的转换项是主要源汇项.低层有效位能的经向通量输送和动能向有效位能的转化补给了有效位能的耗散;高层有效位能向垂直动能转化增强垂直运动是促进降水发展演变的主要因素.高层有效位能与垂直运动之间的正反馈过程使得两者相关性较强;低层较长时间内均存在垂直动能向有效位能的转化,削弱了垂直运动,而西北冷平流使得低层有效位能有增强的趋势,因此二者相关性较弱.  相似文献